Phenotypes of schizophrenia

Phenotypes of schizophrenia

 

Authors

 

E.G. Kornetova

Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation

S.A. Galkin

Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation

A.N. Kornetov

Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation

S.A. Ivanova

Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation

N.A. Bokhan

Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

 

https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2025-2(127)-15-32

 

Journal: Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2025; 2 (127):  15-32.

 

Abstract

Background. Phenotypic information in medicine in general and in psychiatry in particular is heterogeneous, and the phenotypes themselves can be both clinical and non-clinical, so the inclusion of phenotyping in diagnostic algorithms allows us to obtain more complete data on the patient and the course of the pathological process. Objective: to systematize the methodologies for assessing schizophrenia phenotypes. Materials. Data from our own long-term studies of schizophrenia phenotypes stratification using anthropometric, neurocognitive, instrumental, laboratory and clinical examinations. Methods: clinical-psychopathological, clinical-dynamic, clinical-catamnestic, psychometric, anthropometric, anthropomorphoscopic, neuroimaging, neurophysiological, laboratory. Discussion. In a clinical context, a phenotype primarily refers to the normal morphological, physiological or behavioral characteristics of a patient, as well as to deviations from these characteristics that occur during the course of the disease. Thus, in medicine, the study of the phenotype includes a complete and detailed understanding of the spectrum of phenotypic deviations associated with each nosological entity. With this knowledge, physicians can decide whether a sign or symptom observed in a patient is associated with an underlying disease or is an isolated sign, which can help in administering the correct (appropriate) treatment. The schizophrenia phenotype is traditionally determined by the chronic course of psychosis and functional impairment. However, the boundary of the phenotype is likely to be more extensive than the boundary determined by the chronic presence of psychotic symptoms. Mild clinical signs and symptoms, cognitive impairment, and neurophysiological dysfunctions such as impaired sensory sensitivity and smooth eye movement all determine aspects of the schizophrenia phenotype. Conclusion. Diagnostic and conceptual approaches are important not only in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, but also in the development of studies aimed at identifying risk factors and etiological mechanisms, and also in attempts to solve complex problems such as comorbidity and links between diseases with similar clinical manifestations. Phenotyping algorithms allow us to solve these problems.

 

Keywords: schizophrenia, phenotype, morphophenotype, constitution, metabolic disorders, neurocognitive deficit, electroencephalography, sensory impairment, motor impairment.

 

Article (pdf)

 

Contacts

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Materials  

For citation: Kornetova E.G., Galkin S.A., Kornetov A.N., Ivanova S.A., Bokhan N.A. Phenotypes of schizophrenia. Sibirskii Vestnik Psikhiatrii i Narkologii.2025; 2 (127): 15-32. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2025-2(127)-15-32

 

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