For citation: Bokhan N.A., Usov G.M., Rakitin S.A. Assessment of the level of rehabilitation potential in patients with psychosis associated with the use of modern synthetic psychoactive substances. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023; 2(119): 16-24. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-16-24

Assessment of the level of rehabilitation potential in patients with psychosis associated with the use of modern synthetic psychoactive substances

Bokhan N.A.^{1, 2}, Usov G.M.³, Rakitin S.A.⁴

¹ Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences Aleutskaya Street 4, 634014, Tomsk, Russian Federation

²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation

³ Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Omsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Lenin Street 12, 644099, Omsk, Russian Federation

⁴BIH of the Omsk Region “Narcological Dispensary" Uchebnaya Street 189, 644046, Omsk, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background. The clinical picture, dynamics and outcomes of psychosis associated with the use of modern synthetic psychoactive substances (PAS) are determined both by typical symptoms characteristic of disorders of the exogenous type of response, and by features determined by the type of PAS used, narcological disease, as well as the premorbid level of clinical and social functioning of patients, which must be taken into account in the diagnostic process and in the choice of therapeutic tactics. The issues of the relationship between the clinical and social characteristics of patients with the course and outcome of psychoses that developed as a result of taking modern synthetic PAS (spice, salts and butyrates), as well as their influence on the choice of treatment and rehabilitation tactics, currently remain open. Objective. To study the relationship between the clinical and dynamic characteristics of psychoses that developed against the background of the use of synthetic PAS and the clinical and social characteristics of the functioning of patients. Material and Methods. The study was conducted based on emergency drug treatment departments no. 6 of the Omsk Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital named after N.N. Solodnikov, male narcological department no. 3 of the Omsk Regional Narcological Dispensary, intensive care units for the treatment of acute poisoning in psychiatric patients of the Omsk Region City Clinical Emergency Hospital no. 1. Male patients (n=154) were hospitalized for psychotic disorders that developed while taking synthetic PAS. Diagnostics of psychotic conditions was carried out according to ICD-10 with additional qualification of the leading syndrome. Methods: clinical-psychopathological, laboratory, statistical. Results. A study of the level of rehabilitation potential (LRP) on the scale of T.N. Dudko (2006) was made in patients who underwent psychosis while taking synthetic PAS. The parameters of the patients’ LRP were compared depending on the stage of the narcological disease, the mechanism of the development of psychosis, the type of synthetic PAS used, the duration and outcomes of psychoses, and narcological remission. Conclusions. In patients who underwent psychosis on the background of the use of modern synthetic PAS, the indicators of LPR at different stages of the narcological disease were comparable, but differed in the groups of users of different synthetic PAS, with different mechanisms of the development of psychoses (intoxication and withdrawal), as well as in patients with different duration of psychotic disorders, variants of their outcomes and duration of narcological remission.

Keywords:psychosis, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic psychostimulants, spices, salts, butyrates, GABA agonists, level of rehabilitation potential.

Received February15.2023

Accepted May 26.2023

Bokhan Nikolay A., academician of RAS, D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of Addictive States Department, director of Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation. Author ID Sсоpus 6506895310. ORCID iD 0000-0002-1052-855X. ResearcherID P-1720-2014. Author ID RISC 152392. SPIN-code RSCI 2419-1263.

Usov Grigory M., D.Sc. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Omsk State Medical University”. Omsk, Russian Federation. ORCID iD0000-0002-7619-1179.

Rakitin Sergey A., psychiatrist-addiction specialist, Head of the 3rd Narcological Unit, BIH of the Omsk Region “Narcological Dispensary”. Omsk, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0000-0002-1753-9008. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Usov Grigory M., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

For citation: Trubina O.S., Malinina E.V., Mityushkin A.E. Influence of mental comorbidity on the level of rehabilitation potential of juvenile patients in a drug treatment clinic. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023; 2(119): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-25-33

Influence of mental comorbidity on the level of rehabilitation potential of juvenile patients in a drug treatment clinic

Trubina O.S.¹, Malinina E.V.², Mityushkin A.E.²

¹ State Budgetary Health Institution “Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Narcological Hospital” 40th anniversary of October Street 36, 454007, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

²Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Vorovsky Street 64, 454092, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background. The relationship between self-injurious, suicidal behavior and the use of psychoactive substances (PAS) is discussed in the literature. Problematic behavior with substance use may be a sign of more complex psychiatric problems, which affects the curability and compliance of patients. Objective: to study the influence of mental comorbidity on the level of rehabilitation potential (LRP) in minors admitted for treatment in the narcological department. Material and Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the juvenile department of the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Narcological Hospital. A continuous study included patients (n=168, 127 males and 41 females) aged 12-17 years (mean age 15.4±0.1 years) diagnosed with substance dependence syndrome (ICD-10 codes F10.2-F19.2). 2 groups of patients were formed according to the presence/absence of a comorbid mental disorder: group 1, main (n=79; 47%) ‒ dual diagnosis, a combination of narcological pathology and mental disorders; the 2nd group, comparisons (n=89; 53%) ‒ drug diagnosis without mental disorders. The definition of LRP was carried out in 4 blocks: pre-morbid, clinical signs of the disease, features of social status and social consequences, personality changes. Results. In a continuous sample of people with addiction syndrome, comorbid mental disorders occur in 47% (separated into the main group, n=79): the syndrome of dependence on substances not classified as drugs (83%), including alcohol, prevailed (29%), patients were younger (15.1±0.1 years versus 15.7±0.1 years in the comparison group, n=89); organic mental disorders were in the lead in terms of frequency (63%), mental retardation (19%) and disorders of emotions and behavior with onset in childhood or adolescence (19%) were less frequently diagnosed. LRP in such patients was significantly lower, the most unfavorable profile of mental comorbidity was registered with mental retardation.

Keywords:comorbidity, mental disorders, substance dependence syndrome, minors, narcological assistance, rehabilitation.

Received February20.2023

Accepted May 26.2023

Trubina Olga S., Head of the Child and Adolescent Narcological Service, State Budgetary Health Institution “Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Narcological Hospital”, chief pediatric narcologist, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.Author ID RSCI 1080959. SPIN-code RSCI 88331725.

Malinina Elena V., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State Medical University”, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.Author ID Scopus 36700078600. ORCID iD 0000-0002-5811-4428. Author ID RSCI 375575. SPIN-code RSCI 3580-1854.

Mityushkin Andrey E., residentof the Department of Psychiatry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State Medical University”, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.ORCID iD 0009-0001-7631-3068.

Malinina Elena V., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Trubina Olga S., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

For citation: Sheremetyeva I.I., Stroganov A.E., Dokenova S.V., Plotnikov A.V., Kuleshova E.O., Kharchenko S.S. Manifestations of psychopathological symptoms in substance abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023; 2(119): 34-41. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-34-41

Manifestations of psychopathological symptoms in substance abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sheremetyeva I.I.¹, Stroganov A.E.¹, Dokenova S.V.¹,

Plotnikov A.V.¹, Kuleshova E.O.¹, Kharchenko S.S.²

¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Altai State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Lenin Street 40, 656038, Barnaul, Russian Federation

² Clinical Treatment and Rehabilitation Center “Health Territory” Zmeinogorsky Trakt 36E, 656045, Barnaul, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental health and psychological well-being of people. Restrictive measures of a medical and social nature, aimed at counteracting the spread of COVID-19, have changed the usual way of life, led to adjustment disorders and mental disorders. The most susceptible category to the influence of the stressful pandemic factor turned out to be people who use psychoactive substances (PAS). According to WHO, since the start of the pandemic, the use of telemedicine and psychological crisis assistance has increased in the provision of mental health services and the treatment of substance dependence. Objective: to assess the level of influence of stress factors on the formation of psychopathological symptoms in patients with substance dependence syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic, who underwent inpatient treatment at the Altai Regional Narcological Dispensary in 2021-2022. Material and Methods. The study was carried out at the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Narcology with the APE course of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Altai State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Examination of patients on the basis of voluntary informed consent for participation was carried out on the basis of the Altai Regional Narcological Dispensary. From the total sample (n=302), two groups were formed: the main group (n=196) - patients aged 20-67 years with diagnosed substance dependence, the control group (n=106) - patients of matched age without diagnosis of a addiction disease. In the main group, the diagnosis “Mental and behavioral disorders due to the alcohol use” prevailed (n=159, 81.1%). Dependence syndrome” (F10.2), less often (n=19, 9.7% and n=18, 9.2%) “Mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of opioids. Dependence syndrome” (F11.2) and “Mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of other psychostimulants.” Dependency syndrome" (F15.2). Clinical and psychological research was carried out using the scales for diagnosing anxiety and depression by A. Beck and the Mississippi scale for post-traumatic stress disorder, civilian version. For a multidimensional assessment of the level of psychopathological symptoms, a questionnaire for the severity of psychopathological symptoms was used - Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) in an adapted version (Tarabrina N.V., 2000). Calculations were made using data processing software packages Microsoft Office Excel 2013, EpiInfo 7.2. Conclusion. The results of the study show that during the pandemic, regardless of the use of PAS and the presence of PAS dependence syndrome in different contingents of the population, there is a susceptibility to infection with coronavirus infection and the manifestation of psychopathological disorders in the form of symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and distress. Further research may be useful in optimizing the quality of treatment and rehabilitation measures provided for patients with substance dependence syndrome.

Keywords:new coronavirus infection, addiction syndrome, mental disorders, symptomatic distress.

Received February06.2023

Accepted May 26.2023

Sheremetyeva Irina I., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, rector of “Altai State Medical University”, Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Narcology with a APE course. Barnaul, Russian Federation. Author ID Sсоpus 57214358769. ORCID iD 0000-0001-8513-9869. ResearcherID ITR-9284-2023. Author ID RSCI 579588. SPIN-code RSCI This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Stroganov Alexander E., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Narcology with a APE course. “Altai State Medical University”. Barnaul, Russian Federation. Author ID Sсоpus 8272449100. ORCID iD 000-0002-1791-7996. ResearcherID ISV-6053-2023. Author ID RSCI 444217. SPIN-code RSCI 1781-5070. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Dokenova Svetlana V., postgraduate student of the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Narcology with a APE course. “Altai State Medical University”. Barnaul, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0000-0001-7916-7046. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Plotnikov Andrey V., Cand.Sc. (Medicine), assistant professor of the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Narcology with a APE course. “Altai State Medical University”. Barnaul, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0000-0001-5559-4764. ResearcherID ISV-3510-2023. Author ID RSCI1080185. SPIN-code RSCI 8381-5830.

Kuleshova Elena O., Cand.Sc. (Medicine), assistant professor of the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Narcology with a APE course. “Altai State Medical University”. Barnaul, Russian Federation. Author ID Sсоpus 57214358016. ORCID iD 000-0002-4122-8138. ResearcherID ISV-3491-2023. Author ID RSCI 633462. SPIN-code RSCI 8797-2399. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Kharchenko Svetlana S., General Director of Clinical Treatment and Rehabilitation Center “Health Territory”. Barnaul, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0000-0002-1870-241X. Author ID RSCI843728. SPIN-code RSCI 1705-5236. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Plotnikov Andrey V., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

For citation: Boiko E.O., Lozhnikova L.E., Arzumanyan K.A., Matyushenko A.D. Features of the formation of nicotine addiction among consumers of electronic cigarettes. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023; 2(119): 42-48. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-42-48

Features of the formation of nicotine addiction among consumers of electronic cigarettes

Boiko E.O., Lozhnikova L.E., Arzumanyan K.A., Matyushenko A.D.

¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Mitrofan Sedin Street 4, 350063, Krasnodar, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background. At present, there is a significant increase in the proportion of consumers of electronic cigarettes (EC) and electronic means of heating tobacco in the structure of tobacco and nicotine-containing products, widespread misconceptions about its safety are harmful to health. Advertising about the harmlessness and less toxicity of EC contributed to their popularity among young people. Fashion addiction disrupts the development of the central nervous system in children and adolescents, causes irritability, anxiety, inattention, lethargy, drowsiness, obsessive thoughts and phobias, leads to the development of diseases of the bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Objective: to study the features of the formation of nicotine dependence in electronic cigarette consumers. Material and Methods. With the help of a specially designed questionnaire, an anonymous survey was conducted among residents of Krasnodar (n=393) in the age group from 13 to 38 years. The information was collected through a Google form. Results. According to the online survey, the average age of the respondents was 20.92±2.76 years. The gender distribution showed a predominance of women over men (n=82, 67.8% versus n=39, 32.2%). It was found that more than one third (n=141, 35.9%) of the respondents use both conventional cigarettes and alternative ways of consuming nicotine, most of them (n=121, 85.8%) use only electronic cigarettes. The distribution of ECs by consumption patterns demonstrated a higher (n=55, 45.5%) frequency of use of portable devices (PODs) compared to disposable electronic cigarettes (n=40, 33.1%), IQOS tobacco heating system (n=12, 9.9%), vape ‒ an electronic device that generates a highly dispersed aerosol inhaled by the user (n=9, 7.4%). A minority (n=5, 4.1%) of respondents do not prefer a specific type of EC and smoke different ECs. The majority (75.2%) of the survey participants had symptoms of physical addiction to smoking, and every fifth (19.0%) had symptoms of mental addiction. The main motivational and psychological factors for initiating the use of conventional cigarettes or EC were nicotine consumption against the background of stress or a relevant crisis situation, as means of combating smoking of conventional cigarettes imposed by advertising, as a tribute to a fashion trend, for a company with a close environment, while preference was given to EC with high concentration of nicotine, which indicates the great social significance of the problem of tobacco abuse.

Keywords:electronic cigarettes, nicotine addiction, emotional-volitional sphere, smoking behavior.

Received February27.2023

Accepted May 26.2023

Boiko Elena O., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russian Federation. Author ID RSCI 277212. SPIN-code RSCI 9499-4030.

Lozhnikova Larisa E., Cand.Sc. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Psychiatry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Medical University”, of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russian Federation. Author ID RSCI 670489. SPIN-code RSCI 8026-7842.

Arzumanyan Kamilla A., student of the 5th year of the Medical Faculty, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russian Federation. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Matyushenko Alexandra D., student of the 5th year of the Medical Faculty, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Medical University”, of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar, Russian Federation.

Boiko Elena O., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

For citation: Melnik A.A., Dick K.P., Serdyuk O.V., Sidenkova A.P., Romashova A.S., Khatskevich A.K., Salkova L.A., Fomina A.S., Agafonova Yu.A. Mild cognitive decline with psychopathological symptoms (literature review). Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023; 2 (119): 70-77. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-70-77

Mild cognitive decline with psychopathological symptoms (literature review)

Melnik A.A.¹, Dick K.P.¹, Serdyuk O.V.², Sidenkova A.P.¹, Romashova A.S.¹, Khatskevich A.K.¹, Salkova L.A.¹, Fomina A.S.¹, Agafonova Yu.A.³

¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Repin Street 3, 620128, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

² State Budgetary Health Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region“Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital” Siberian tract 8, 620030, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

³ State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region “Sverdlovsk Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS” Yasnaya 46, 620102, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Mild cognitive impairment in some cases can be a criterion for predicting more severe cognitive impairment. The review article is devoted to the problem of mild cognitive decline (Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI): its prevalence, typology, and pathogenesis. The main attention is paid to the issues of psychopathological symptoms in the structure of mild cognitive decline, the mechanisms of their formation and clinical, pathogenetic and prognostic significance. The research materials were scientific publications on the topic of the work. The general scientific method is applied: analysis of modern scientific domestic and foreign literature on the research problem. The results were obtained, indicating an unfavorable prognostic value of MCI, especially in combination with psychopathological symptoms, determined by a high risk of transformation into dementia and a significant decrease in the functional activity of the patient at the pre-dementia stage.

Keywords:Mild cognitive impairment, psychopathological symptoms, predementia cognitive disorders, old age.

Received February15.2023

Accepted May 26.2023

Melnik Alena A., assistant of the Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Psychotherapy, Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. ResearcherID AGV-0537-2022. ORCID iD 0000-0002-4218-6603.

Dick Karina P., assistant of the Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Psychotherapy, Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0000-0003-3081-338X. ResearcherID HIR-6884-2022. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Serdyuk Oleg V., chief physician, State Budgetary Health Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region “Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital”, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0000-0002-9536-0329.ResearcherID ACD-9197-2022. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Sidenkova Alena P., D.Sc. (Medicine), associate professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Narcology, Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. ResearcherID AAH-7439-2020. Author ID Scopus 56468015100. SPIN-code 3451-5677. Author ID 434738. ORCID iD 0000-0001-5142-3992.

Romashova Anna S., student of the Medical and Preventive Faculty, Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0009-0003-8026-8866. ResearcherID IQU-7622-2023. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Khatskevich Alesya K., student of the Medical and Preventive Faculty, Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0009-0000-5992-5495. ResearcherID IQU-9464-2023.

Salkova Lyudmila A., student of the Faculty of Pediatrics, Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0009-0007-1193-8263. ResearcherID IQV-0892-2023. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Fomina Anna S., student of the Faculty of Pediatrics, Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0009-0008-0795-1614. ResearcherID IQV-0369-2023. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Agafonova Yulia A., infectious disease specialist of the Clinical Diagnostic Unit No. 3, State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region “Sverdlovsk Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS”, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0009-0003-8734-0664. ResearcherID IQU-7016-2023. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Sidenkova Alena P., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

For citation: Bokhan N.A., Kupriyanova I.E., Dashieva B.A., Perchatkina O.E. Migration flows: transcultural aspects of mental health (review of foreign literature). Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023; 2 (119): 78-85. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-78-85

Migration flows: transcultural aspects of mental health (review of foreign literature)

Bokhan N.A.^{1, 2}, Kupriyanova I.E.^{1, 3}, Dashieva B.A.^{1, 3},Perchatkina O.E.¹

¹ Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences Aleutskaya Street 4, 634014, Tomsk, Russian Federation

² Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moskovsky Trakt 2, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation

³ National Research Tomsk State University Lenin Avenue 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background. Migration is a traditional sociodynamic phenomenon of the development of society; by 2015, the migration crisis, having reached peak values, acquired a transnational character and turned into a difficult-to-control global process. Most countries are faced with migration flows that require certain political, organizational measures, changes in the health care system, education and social welfare. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of publications noting the negative impact of migration on mental health. Cultural differences, constantly affecting stress factors, diagnostic problems, and a shortage of professionals who are fully versed in cultural competencies make it difficult for migrants to integrate and psychologically adapt. Objective: to determine the relationship between the phenomenon of mass migration, mental health, psychological well-being of migrants and processes in the field of mental health. Materials and Methods. Empirical analysis of publications on foreign databases Web of Science and SCOPUS. Thematic search was performed using the keywords: migration, mental health, psychological maladjustment, ethnocultural competencies. Results. The migration flows and the consequences of the growth of the migration mobility of the population of various countries are analyzed. Mass migration processes are negative, often hindering the state of well-being, the realization of personal potential and effective social functioning. To a greater extent, people with mental health problems in the past are subject to maladjustment processes. It is noted that PTSD, depression, and anxiety are the most common among migrants. The greatest problems were found in women, children and adolescents. Difficulties are noted in providing mental health care to migrants.

Keywords:migration processes, mental health of migrants, psychological maladaptation, cultural competencies.

Received January28.2023

Accepted May 26.2023

Bokhan Nikolay A., academician of RAS, D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of Addictive States Department, director of Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Psychiatry and Psycho-therapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation. ResearcherID P-1720-2014. Author ID Sсоpus 6506895310. ORCID iD 0000-0002-1052-855X. RISC Author ID 152392. RISC SPIN-code 2419-1263.

Kupriyanova Irina E., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, lead researcher of the Borderline State Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; Professor, Department of Genetics and Psychological Counseling, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation. ResearcherID I-9441-2017. Author ID Sсоpus 6603689461/57201322290/57201322289. ORCID iD 0000-0003-495-7811. RISC Author ID 551544. RISC SPIN-code 1617-6349.

Dashieva Bairma A., D.Sc. (Medicine), lead researcher of the Borderline State Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk, Russian Federation; Professor, Department of Genetics and Psychological Counseling, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation ResearcherID J-1734-2017. Author ID Sсоpus 56941913200. ORCID iD 0000-0003-3755-2952. RISC Author ID 308777. RISC SPIN-code 5331-8378.

Perchatkina Olga E., Cand.Sc. (Medicine), Head of Department of Coordination of Research, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation. ResearcherID I-8664-2017. Author ID Sсоpus 57202383115. ORCID iD 0000-0001-5538-1304. RISC Author ID 629511. RISC SPIN-code 6299-0859.

Kupriyanova Irina E., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

For citation: Karavaeva T.A., Vasileva A.V., Shoigu Yu.S., Radionov D.S. Prevention of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in victims of emergencies. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023; 2(119): 86-95. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-86-95

Prevention of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in victims of emergencies

Karavaeva T.A.^{1, 3, 4, 5}, Vasileva A.V.^{1, 2}, Shoigu Yu.S.^{6, 7}, Radionov D.S.¹

¹ Federal State Budgetary Institution “V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology” of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health Bekhterev Street 1, 192019, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

² Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University” of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health Kirochnaya Street41,191015, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

³ Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg State University” of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health University Embankment 7-9,199034, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

⁴ Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University” of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health Lipovskaya Street2,194100, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

⁵ Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health Leningradskaya Street 68, Pesochnyy Township, 197758, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

⁶ Federal Governmental Institution “Center for Emergency Psychological Assistance of the Ministry of Emergency Situations” Uglovoy Side Street 27, Building 2, 127055, Moscow, Russian Federation

⁷Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University” Lenin's Mountains 1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background. In emergency situations, due to the impact of traumatic stress factors, the level of risk and damage to the physical and mental health of combatants increases. Factors of psycho-traumatic impact potentiate disorders of mental functioning and psychological stability, manifestation of non-psychotic mental pathology in participants of a special military operation against the background of mental maladaptation and personality accentuations in history. PTSD is the most widely studied consequence of traumatic events. Despite the active study of etiopathogenetic mechanisms, risk factors for the formation of PTSD and the development of a personalized approach to therapy, there is still a high frequency of diagnosing this disorder in military personnel with combat experience and the civilian population during their stay in a military conflict zone. There is a high level of socio-economic burden of chronic stress disease on the health care system and emerging organizational difficulties associated with the high prevalence of PTSD. Persons affected by emergencies are most susceptible to the development of mental disorders associated with vital stress. The development of prevention methods is an urgent problem, the solution of which can help reduce the prevalence of PTSD, relieve post-traumatic symptoms and improve sustainable social adaptation based on preventive psychological rehabilitation. Objective: to identify the main approaches to primary and secondary prevention of PTSD in the conditions of liquidation of the consequences of emergencies, used in domestic psychiatric practice. Results. The psychological component of preventive measures as the basis of a personalized route in providing emergency assistance to victims of emergencies is considered in detail. The main characteristics of the areas of prevention are considered, the main goals and objectives of providing comprehensive psychosocial assistance to victims are covered. The cardinal trend of further development of this problem is determined.

Keywords:emergency, post-traumatic stress disorder, prevention, emergency psychological assistance.

Received February20.2023

Accepted May 26.2023

Karavaeva Tatiana A., D.Sc. (Medicine), Chief Researcher, Head of the Department for the Treatment of Borderline Mental Disorders and Psychotherapy of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology” of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Professor of the Department of Medical Psychology and Psychophysiology, St. Petersburg State University; Professor of the Department of General and Applied Psychology with courses in biomedical disciplines and pedagogy of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; lead researcher of the Scientific Department of Innovative Methods of Therapeutic Oncology and Rehabilitation, Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0000-0002-8798-3702.

Vasileva Anna V., D.Sc. (Medicine), Chief Researcher of the Department for the Treatment of Borderline Mental Disorders and Psychotherapy of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology” of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychotherapy and Sexology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0000-0002-5116-836X. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Shoigu Yulia S., Cand.Sc. (Psychology), Honored Lifeguard of the Russian Federation, Director of the Center for Emergency Psychological Assistance of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Head of the Department of Extreme Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vice-President of the Russian Psychological Society. ORCID iD 0000-0002-6094-2564. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Radionov Dmitriy S., Junior Researcher at the Department of Treatment of Borderline Mental Disorders and Psychotherapy of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology” of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. ORCID iD 0000-0001-9020-3271.

Karavaeva Tatiana A., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Radionov Dmitriy S., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

For citation: Makushkina O.A., Leurda E.V. A method for assessing the risk of socially dangerous aggressive behavior in persons with severe mental disorders.Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry.2023; 2 (119): 5-15. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-5-15

A method for assessing the risk of socially dangerous aggressive behavior in persons with severe mental disorders

Makushkina O.A., Leurda E.V.

FSBI “V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034, Moscow,Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background. The tendency to aggression is a factor contributing to the social danger of persons with mental disorders. Existing approaches and methods make it possible to assess predominantly clinical-psychopathological, anamnestic and social parameters that affect the likelihood of committing socially dangerous acts. Tools for assessing the likelihood of aggression based on biological predictors are currently not available. Objective:development of a technology for determining the risk of socially dangerous aggressive behavior in persons with severe mental disorders with the assessment of biological indicators. Materials and Methods. The technology was developed based on the results of a survey of 219 respondents diagnosed with a severe mental disorder (ICD-10 codes F00-09, F20-29, F70-72). The main group (n=105) included patients with persistent aggressive behavior who committed violent offences; comparison group (n=114) ‒ patients with law-abiding behavior. Results. With the help of mathematical and statistical tools, a Method for assessing the risk of socially dangerous aggressive behavior in persons with severe mental disorders was developed. The method consists in the complex application of the laboratory research method and psychometry. At the first stage, urine and blood are taken from the subject, followed by determination of the levels of serotonin in the urine and hormones ‒ cortisol and testosterone in the blood. Further, based on the data obtained, the regression equation is calculated using a special formula. At the second stage, screening of potential social danger is provided according to the method of structured risk assessment of dangerous behavior (SOROP). At the third stage, based on the results of the complex application of the laboratory method of research and psychometry, a conclusion is made about the risk of the patient's aggressive behavior, the likelihood of his/her committing socially dangerous actions of a violent nature. Conclusion. The method can be used in addition to clinical assessment to improve the accuracy of predicting the likelihood of socially dangerous aggressive behavior of persons with severe mental disorders.

Keywords:biological psychiatry, aggressive behavior, neurotransmitters, hormones, mental disorders, heteroaggression, predictors, social danger.

Received February 15.2023

Accepted May 26.2023

Makushkina Oksana A., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Head of Scientific and Organizing Department, FSBI “V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centerof Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation. SPIN-code 7676-1630. ResearcherID A-5403-2016, Author ID 6507555142. ORCID iD 0000-0002-9081-8257.

Leurda Elena V., junior researcher of Psychiatric Services Prevention and Monitoring Department, FSBI “V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation. SPIN-code 6713-5259. ResearcherID AAS-2620-2021. Author ID 1113182. ORCID iD 0000-0001-9707-4118. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Makushkina Oksana A., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

For citation: Kozhevnikova T.A., Kostareva O.V., Kostarev V.V. Prevalence and clinical picture of non-psychotic mental disorders in women in late pregnancy. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023; 2(119): 49-59. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-49-59

Prevalence and clinical picture of non-psychotic mental disorders in women in late pregnancy

Kozhevnikova T.A.¹, Kostareva O.V.², Kostarev V.V.³

¹ Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev” of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation Ada Lebedeva Street 89, 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

² Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian  Federation Pavel Zheleznyak Street1, 1660005, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

³ Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University” of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation Mira Avenue 90, 660049, Krasnoyarsk,Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background. The present study examines the prevalence and clinical presentation of non-psychotic mental disorders (NPMD) in uncomplicated pregnancies and their impact on the course of pregnancy. Objective: to identify psychological predictors of mental health problems when women experience pregnancy in the second trimester. Materials and Methods. The work was performed based on the Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Maternity Hospital No. 5 with the participation of pregnant women (n=60) with an uncomplicated pregnancy of 20-40 weeks. Inclusion criteria: no history of severe chronic somatic (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, autoimmune diseases) and mental (schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, epilepsy) pathology, malformations of the reproductive sphere, uterine scar after surgical interventions, severe pathology of reproductive sphere, consent to participation. Psychometric methods were used: clinical interview, observation, standardized interview using a specially designed questionnaire. For the differential assessment of neurotic and neurosis-like states in the groups of pregnant women, the questionnaire of neurotic disorders (QND) was used. For statistical data processing, the STATISTIKA software package was used. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. During the study, pregnant women were divided into three groups (20 persons each) according to the duration of pregnancy: group A (20 weeks), group B (30 weeks), group C (40 weeks). Results. During pregnancy, all women were characterized by increased emotional sensitivity, impressionability, vulnerability, anxiety. The state of psycho-emotional tension with anxiety of different levels was found in 40% of women. Compared with pregnant women of groups A and C, women from group B were more irritable, anxious and socially distant, had a greater need for solitude, and were less self-confident. The level of neuroticism increased with increasing gestational age, the highest level of neuroticism was found in group B with a period of 30 weeks, which was associated with a deterioration in general well-being and a large number of psychopathological manifestations caused by subjective experiences (anxiety, excitability, hypochondria, phobic disorders, obsessive thoughts and actions). Conclusion. The findings can be used to develop a system of psychological prevention with the inclusion of psychotherapy methods, especially in women with a period of 30 weeks of pregnancy, characterized by the highest level of neuroticism. Preliminary results of the study suggest that in pregnant women there is a disturbance of the multimodal mental state, which is caused by the experience of pregnancy symptoms and is a risk factor for the deterioration of mental health with the formation of NPMD.

Keywords:pregnancy, non-psychotic mental disorders, neurotic disorders, vegetovascular dystonia, psychological testing, women, maladjustment, psychological and psychotherapeutic support of pregnancy.

Received March01.2023

Accepted May 26.2023

Kozhevnikova Tatiana A., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Special Psychology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev” of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation. SPIN-code RSCI 6841-5361. Author ID RSCI 40799.

Kostareva Olga V., Cand.Sc. (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Medical Faculty, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.SPIN-code RSCI 9097-8052. ORCID iD 0000-0003-2396-2475 X. Author ID RSCI1010566.

Kostarev Vladislav V., Cand.Sc. (Psychology), Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University” of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.SPIN-code RSCI7360-9926. Author ID RSCI685643. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Kozhevnikova Tatiana A., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

For citation: Zotov P.B., Garagasheva E.P., Spaderova N.N., Bukhna A.G., Molina O.V., Bukhna A.G. Jumping from a height with suicidal intent: experience in evaluating prevention measures. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023; 2 (119): 60-69. https://doi.org/10.26617/1810-3111-2023-2(119)-60-69

Jumping from a height with suicidal intent: experience in evaluating prevention measures

Zotov P.B.^{1, 2}, Garagasheva E.P.¹, Spaderova N.N.^{1, 3},

Bukhna A.G.¹, Molina O.V.³, Bukhna A.G.¹

¹Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Tyumen State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Odesskaya Street 54, 625023, Tyumen, Russian Federation

²SEP “Siberian School of Preventive Suicidology and Deviantology” MinskayaStreet 67, building 1, office 102, 625027, Tyumen, Russian Federation

³ SBIH Tyumen Region “Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital” Sosnovaya Street 19, Vinzili, Tyumen, Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

Background. Suicidal jumping/falling from a height is not the most common occurrence in Russia, but the statistics of recent years indicate an increase in the number of cases of voluntary death implemented in this way. The complexity of the problem of organizing prevention, in addition to identifying groups and risk factors, is largely due to the difficulties of using traditional restrictive measures and in the vast majority of cases goes beyond the scope of activities of mental health professionals. Objective: to identify key measures to prevent suicidal jumping. Results: based on the analysis of the current situation, data from special literature and our own clinical experience, key areas for the prevention of suicidal jumps were identified. The approach proposed by the authors made it possible to indicate a wider range of possible conditions and places for committing suicidal acts by jumping from a height. Based on this it was possible not only to single out some previously insufficiently developed sections of research, but also to identify the most effective areas of preventive activity in the future, including taking into account the introduction of various regulatory, social, legal and other measures into certain areas of society, as well as overseeing safety principles and practices already in place. In conclusion, it was assumed that the proposed measures were generally non-specific, and therefore the prevention of suicides could be considered as a separate element or a special case of the general system to guarantee life safety and prevent injuries in a separate territory of the state or in the country as a whole, implemented at various levels and directions.

Keywords:suicide, suicidal jumping, suicide prevention.

Received January30.2023

Accepted May 26.2023